基督复活了,阿肋路亚!

复活节

我们可以从多个角度来理解复活的奥迹。一个角度,我们可以视其为天主正义的彰显。为了天主之缘故而舍弃生命的,蒙获天主赋予的新生命。耶稣在以下的话中阐释了这一真理:“谁获得自己的性命,必要丧失性命;谁为我的缘故丧失了自己的性命,必要获得性命”(玛10:39)。有关复活的这真理也证实了一句名言:“爱情猛如死亡”(雅8:6)。天主对人类的爱,在耶稣基督内彰显得淋漓尽致;而死亡无法战胜它。“深爱所有人的那一位,已为所有人建立了不朽”(本笃十六世)。

基督的复活是祂打败死亡的胜利。“死亡,你的胜利在哪里”(格前15:55)。圣经认为死亡是罪的后果。死亡并非天主所愿,它因魔鬼的嫉妒才进入了世界(智2:24)。亚当的罪,像一种病毒性疾病,伤及我们所有人(罗3:23)。然而后来,新的亚当,即“没有犯过罪”的那一位(伯前2:22)介入,来施行救援,而死亡不能控制祂(罗6:9)。圣奥斯定描述了一种美妙的交换。天主不朽的圣言可以死亡,因为祂取了我们以罪恶为标记的有死的肉身,而祂这种毁灭罪恶的死亡,为我们换回了生命。“我们丢给祂的是死亡的力量,而祂还给我们的是生活的力量”。

新约中有两个形容生命的希腊词语:“bios”和“zoe”。前者指有死的生命领域,其结局是不可避免的死亡;后者指超越死亡的生命。福音中那位妇女在死者中寻找主耶稣的故事,刻画出了这种生命。那些见证了基督最后的在世生命阶段的人,现在听到了祂复活的讯息。那些担心没有人挪开封闭墓门石头的人,如今发现坟墓已空。被钉在十字架上的纳匝肋人耶稣复活了。从祂的在世生命中产生了不朽——丰盛的生命。基督的爱实际上比死亡更猛健。

据《创世纪》记载,天主在一周的第六天创造了亚当,这个亚当为全人类带来了罪的诅咒;根据福音记载,也是在一周的第六天,即圣周五,耶稣——新亚当被钉死在十字架上,以消除这一诅咒。在一周的第七天,宇宙的创造者在“完成了一切工程”(创2:2)之后休息了;也是在一周的第七天,即圣周六,世界的救主在完成了祂的工程之后休息了。第一个创造行为是:“有光,就有了光”(创1:2)。这发生在一周的第一天。因此,在复活节这一天,也是一周的第一天,永不可毁灭的生命之光,从死亡的黑暗中浮现了出来。基督真已复活了,并为我们所有人开启了永生的大门。

复活的真理指引我们的生命方向。在圣洗圣事中,我们也抛弃了“bios”,即以罪恶和死亡为标志的生命(参阅若一2:16),而进入了“Zoe”的领域,即献于天主的生命。圣保禄在他有关洗礼的教理中谈及此真理,说:“你们要看自己是死于罪恶,在基督耶稣内活于天主的人”(罗6:11)。也正是在洗礼中,天主再一次对我们说:“有光”,并“使我们以那在【耶稣】基督的面貌上所闪耀的天主光荣的知识,来光照别人”(格后4:6)。最后,我们永远不该忘记厄玛乌路上的教训(路24:13-35)。复活的基督在生命中与我们同行,而我们在圣体圣事中体悟祂的临在(路24:30-31)。

复活节快乐!

He is risen!

Reflection for Easter Sunday

We can look at the mystery of the resurrection from various perspectives. One can see in it the manifestation of God’s justice. The one who dies for the sake of God is given new life by God. Jesus captured this truth in this sentence: “whoever finds his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for me will find it” (Matt 10:39). The truth about the resurrection also testifies to the famous saying that “love is strong as death” (Song of Songs 8: 6). Death could not overcome God’s love for humanity manifested in Jesus Christ. “He who has love for all has established immortality for all” (Benedict XVI).

The resurrection of Christ is His victory over death. “Where, O death, is your victory?” (1 Corinthians 15:55). The Bible understands death as a consequence of sin. It was not intended by God, but entered the world through the envy of the devil (Wis 2:24). Adam’s sin like a viral disease destroys us all (Romans 3:23). But then new Adam came to the rescue, the one who “committed no sin” (1 Peter 2:22), and so death could not have power over him (Rom. 6: 9). St. Augustine writes about a wonderful exchange. The Immortal Word of God was able to die, because He took from us the mortal flesh marked by sin, and this death that destroys sin gives us life. “We gave him the power to die, he will give us the power to live”.

The New Testament contains two words to describe life: “bios” and “zoe”. The first refers to the sphere of mortal life, which ends in inevitable death, the second refers to a life that goes beyond death. This is beautifully captured by the story of women seeking the Lord among the dead. Those who witnessed the end of Christ’s earthly life now hear the news that He is alive. Those who worried about the stone at the door of the sepulcher find the tomb empty. The crucified Jesus of Nazareth is risen. From His earthly life has emerged immortality – the fullness of life. Christ’s love is indeed stronger than death.

According to the book of Genesis, it was on the sixth day of the week that God created Adam, who brought the curse of sin on the whole human race. According to the Gospel it was also on the sixth day of the week, on Good Friday, that Jesus – the new Adam – died on the cross to erase this curse. On the seventh day of the week, the Creator of the universe rested “from all the work that he did” (Gen. 2: 2), and also on the seventh day of the week – on Holy Saturday – the Redeemer of the world rested after His finished work. The first act of creation was: “Let there be light. And there was light” (Gen. 1: 2). It happened on the first day of the week. No wonder, then, that on Easter Sunday, which is also the first day of the week, the light of indestructible life emerges from the darkness of death. Christ has truly risen and opened the gates of eternity for us all.

The truth of the resurrection gives direction to our lives. In the sacrament of baptism, we also leave behind “bios”, a life marked by sin and death (see 1 John 2: 16), and we enter the sphere of “Zoe”, a life dedicated to God. Saint Paul expressed this truth in his baptismal catechesis: “consider yourselves dead to sin, and alive to God in Christ Jesus” (Romans 6:11). It is also in baptism that God has spoken in us again, “Let there be light”, and “made his light shine in our hearts to give us the light of the knowledge of God’s glory displayed in the face of Christ” (2 Corinthians 4: 6). Finally, we should never forget the lessons from the Road to Emmaus (Luke 24:13-35). The risen Christ journeys with us through life and we recognize his presence in the Eucharist (Luke 24: 30-31).

Happy Easter to all.